Impact of climate change on maize yield in China from 1979 to 2016

Climate change severely impacts agricultural production, which jeopardizes food security. China is the second largest maize producer in the world and also the largest consumer of maize. Analyzing the impact of climate change on maize yields can provide effective guidance to national and international economics and politics. Panel models are unable to determine the group-wise heteroscedasticity, cross-sectional correlation and autocorrelation of datasets, therefore we adopted the feasible generalized least square(FGLS) model to evaluate the impact of climate change on maize yields in China from 1979–2016 and got the following results:(1) During the 1979–2016 period, increases in temperature negatively impacted the maize yield of China. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the maize yield was reduced by 5.19 kg 667 m–2(1.7%). Precipitation increased only marginally during this time, and therefore its impact on the maize yield was negligible. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by an insignificant amount of 0.043 kg 667 m–2(0.014%).(2) The impacts of climate change on maize yield differ spatially, with more significant impacts experienced in southern China. In this region, a 1°C increase in temperature resulted in a 7.49 kg 667 m–2 decrease in the maize yield, while the impact of temperature on the maize yield in northern China was insignificant. For every 1 mm increase in precipitation, the maize yield increased by 0.013 kg 667 m–2 in southern China and 0.066 kg 667 m–2 in northern China.(3) The resilience of the maize crop to climate change is strong. The marginal effect of temperature in both southern and northern China during the 1990–2016 period was smaller than that for the 1979–2016 period.     

草原红牛Acot2基因克隆及其在各组织中的表达差异研究

本研究旨在探究草原红牛酰基辅酶A硫酯酶2（Acot2）的基因功能，并对其进行生物信息学分析，检测Acot2基因在草原红牛不同组织中的表达差异。根据GenBank中公布的牛Acot2基因序列（登录号：NM_001101938.1）设计引物，PCR扩增获得草原红牛Acot2基因的完整CDS并进行测序，利用分析软件进行序列同源性比对并构建系统进化树；获得对应的氨基酸序列并分析蛋白理化特性及蛋白亚细胞结构、亲疏水性和磷酸化位点，预测蛋白二级结构并构建蛋白质三级结构模型；利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测Acot2基因在不同组织中的表达差异。结果显示，草原红牛Acot2基因CDS大小为1 395 bp，编码464个氨基酸，其核苷酸序列与亚洲水牛的同源性较高（98.3%），与猕猴和黑猩猩的同源性较低（80.5%和80.4%）。Acot2蛋白分子式为C₂₃₁₇H₃₆₀₆N₆₄₀O₆₂₈S₁₄，分子质量为50.924 ku，理论等电点为8.84。蛋白质不稳定指数为37.50，氨基酸残基多数为亲水性残基，总平均亲水性为-0.094。亚细胞定位分析表明，Acot2蛋白分布在内质网（30.4%）、线粒体（26.1%）、高尔基体（17.4%）、细胞质（17.4%）、液泡（4.3%）和细胞质（4.3%）中；磷酸化位点分析发现，Acot2蛋白存在20个磷酸化位点。二级结构主要形式有α-螺旋（21.8%）、β-转角（33.4%）、β-折叠（18.4%）和无规则卷曲（26.4%），三级结构预测结果与其相一致。实时荧光定量结果显示，Acot2基因在草原红牛胃中表达量最高，在肺脏中表达量极少。Acot2基因在生物进化过程中具有低保守性，其编码氨基酸组成的蛋白质结构稳定，属于水溶性蛋白，在线粒体和内质网中发挥作用，在草原红牛不同组织的表达量有明显差异。本研究结果为进一步探究Acot2基因对家畜脂代谢的影响和筛选草原红牛肉质候选基因提供资料。     

云南省德宏州发现3种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂

重大迁飞性害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)自2019年1月入侵我国以来,已对我国粮食安全构成重大威胁。为加速对我国草地贪夜蛾寄生性天敌资源的发掘与防治潜能的评估,我们于2019年9月-11月对云南省德宏州玉米和小麦上草地贪夜蛾的寄生性天敌开展田间调查并对采集到的天敌进行分子鉴定。共发现3种草地贪夜蛾幼虫寄生蜂,分别为斯氏侧沟茧蜂Microplitis similis Lyle、半闭弯尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum Hellen和斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂Euplectrus laphygmae Ferrière,田间最高自然寄生率分别为12.00%、22.30%和5.33%。另外,田间调查发现在玉米和大豆上斯氏侧沟茧蜂还可寄生与草地贪夜蛾同属的斜纹夜蛾S.litura幼虫;在大豆和杂草上斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂可寄生甜菜夜蛾S.exigua幼虫。本研究将为今后开展草地贪夜蛾天敌昆虫的保护和利用提供重要参考。     

胡葱黄条病毒吉林毛葱分离物全基因组序列测定与分析

使用RT-PCR方法从吉林省疑似感染胡葱黄条病毒(Shallot yellow stripe virus,SYSV)的分蘖洋葱(毛葱)叶片中获得了SYSV吉林毛葱分离物SYSV-JL(MN607702)的全基因组序列。SYSV-JL的全长序列为10?427 nt,与GenBank已登录的3条SYSV全长或近全长序列在多个基因上保持着较高的序列一致性,但在P1基因上核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致性较低,分别为69.5%～84.2%和60.9%～76.9%,进一步通过变异分析发现,P1基因包含369个变异位点,表现出较为明显的高变异特征。系统发育分析显示,不同SYSV分离物具有较为明显的地区差异,SYSV-JL分离物与多个中国分离物系统发育关系较近。     

同期排卵处理母牛体温和活动量变化规律及效果分析

为探究同期排卵处理母牛体温和活动量变化规律及不同同期排卵技术处理效果，指导同期排卵技术优化。本研究自动监测了18头20月龄左右同期排卵（GnRH-PG-GnRH）处理荷斯坦母牛和17头产后40~60 d预同期排卵（PG-PG-GnRH-PG-GnRH）处理荷斯坦母牛的体温和活动量，应用自动检测系统进行母牛发情监测。结果发现，同期排卵处理母牛发情时阴道温度平均升高（0.43±0.20）℃，持续（12.37±2.73）h；活动量平均升高（18.28±18.61）倍，持续（11.00±1.68）h；排卵时阴道温度平均下降（0.20±0.10）℃，持续（11.00±1.68）h。自动化发情监测显示，同期排卵处理母牛7头发情并排卵；预同期排卵母牛GnRH处理前全部发情排卵。两种同期排卵处理，虽可改变母牛性周期进程，促进母牛性周期同步化，但均难以使母牛性周期完全同步。因此，将同期排卵-定时输精和发情鉴定技术科学结合才能取得更好的繁殖效果。     

禾田稻2号选育技术报告

禾田稻2号(代号松辽628)是公主岭市松辽农业科学研究所以白粳1为母本、长白19为父本,双亲配组,有性杂交,后代材料经世代选拔培育,系谱法、穿梭育种,最终选育而成的水稻新品种。该品种株高适中、株型紧凑、分蘖力较强,成穗率好,结实率高,中感稻瘟病,米质好,产量高,综合性状优良,2020年通过内蒙古自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在内蒙古中晚熟稻区等地种植。     

利用荧光观测明确载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防控增效作用

载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂能够显著提高对亚洲玉米螟的防控效果，为了明确其对亚洲玉米螟卵期及幼虫期可持续防控的作用机理，采用松毛虫赤眼蜂吸附绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的球孢白僵菌分生孢子，进行赤眼蜂载菌情况，以及亚洲玉米螟卵和幼虫的寄生、侵染过程观察。结果表明，赤眼蜂羽化后能够吸附柞蚕卵表面粘附的白僵菌分生孢子，并将其携带至亚洲玉米螟卵块表面，并吸附于未被赤眼蜂寄生的亚洲玉米螟卵孵化的幼虫体表，实现侵染并致死，幼虫带菌率达60.00%，网室内杀虫生物测定僵虫率达27.00%。本研究表明，载菌赤眼蜂在提高杀虫效率的同时实现害虫可持续防控，该方法为其他载菌天敌的应用提供了依据。     

Stability analysis of seven agronomic traits for soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Tokachi nagaha and its derived cultivars using the AMMI model

The stabilities of seven agronomic traits were analyzed and the general stabilities of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions were evaluated based on the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model using the founder parent Tokachi nagaha and 137 of its derived cultivars as materials. The objective was to provide a theoretical basis for effectively using germplasm in soybean breeding and production. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interactions were significantly different for each trait. The first three interaction principal components axes (IPCA) were highly significant, accounting for 61.28–70.00% of the total variation. The stability differed for the different traits. 50 cultivars with high general stabilities were identified. The general stability of Tokachi nagaha was moderate, as the stability coefficients (D_i) of its seven traits were relatively high; this must be considered by breeders using this cultivar as a breeding parent. There were significant positive correlations between the phenotypic values and their own D_i values for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant. This would lead to the expectation that the phenotypic stability would be lower when a cultivar had more branches, pods, seeds, and high per plant yields. Thus, it appears difficult to breed cultivars that simultaneously have high yields and high stability.     

EMS诱导水稻‘一目惚’表型变异和部分基因表达变异的比较

本研究利用甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethy methan sulfonate)试剂胁迫诱导粳稻品种‘一目惚’(Hitomebore),获得性状稳定遗传的水稻矮杆突变体(E58),对株高、分蘖、千粒重等表现与相同环境生长下的野生型‘一目惚’对照(E63)进行对比分析,结果表明,该突变体田间表现为植株矮化,分蘖增多,千粒重减少,且株高与对照相比呈极显著差异,分蘖呈显著差异,千粒重呈极显著差异。EMS诱导的序列变异可能对基因表达产生影响,进而引起水稻矮化的表型变异。根据前人试验结果,应用Real-time PCR对与胁迫及矮化相关的39对引物中筛选出24对引物进行Real-Time PCR扩增,结果表明:引物OsNR1、OsP5CS、OsGS1;1、OsGDH1、OsHKT1;5、OsNRT1;1、OsGDH3、OsAKT1、OsAMT2;3、OsGS1;2、OsSOS1、OsNHX2、OsNRT2;1、OHAK16、OsGS2、OsHAK1、OsGDH2、OsAMT3;3在E63、E58表达差异极显著;OsHAK10、OsNHX1、OsAMT1;1表达差异显著;OsNADHGOGAT、OsFd-GOGAT、OsGS1;3表达差异不显著。EMS诱导对部分水稻基因表达产生影响,从而影响水稻表现型,为进一步工作提供科学依据。